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Today, we’re going to explore the three main categories of poems: Narrative, Lyric, and Descriptive poetry. Think of these as the three flavors of ice cream in the poetry shop. Each one is delicious in its own way, and knowing about them can help you enjoy poetry even more!

Before we dive in, it’s important to understand that these big categories we’re going to explore are different from specific poetic “forms” you might have heard of, like limericks, sonnets, or diamantes.

Think of it this way: if poetry were music, the categories we’re discussing (Narrative, Lyric, and Descriptive) would be like genres of music—hip hop, rock, or classical. The specific forms, on the other hand, are more like the instruments—guitar, piano, or drums. Just as you can play rock music on a guitar or a piano, you can write a narrative poem as a sonnet or a limerick. These categories describe what the poem does, while forms describe how the poem is structured. Make sense? Now, let’s explore these categories!

Narrative Poetry: Telling a Story in Verse

Imagine you’re sitting around a campfire, and someone is telling a story. But instead of speaking normally, the storyteller starts rhyming and using poetic language. That’s kind of what narrative poetry is like! These poems tell a story from beginning to end, just like a short story or novel, but they do it with all the cool tools that poetry offers.

Some things you might find in narrative poems include:

• A series of events that happen
• Characters who do things and say things
• A plot with a beginning, middle, and end
• Descriptions of settings and events
• Dialogue (people talking to each other)

Famous examples of narrative poetry include “Casey at the Bat” by Ernest Lawrence Thayer and “A Visit from Saint Nicholas” (AKA “‘Twas the Night Before Christmas”) by Clement Clarke Moore. Even many of my own poems, like “I Made a Meme this Morning,” fall into this category.

Why it’s cool: Narrative poems are like getting a story and a poem in one package. They’re great for people who love adventures and tales but also enjoy the rhythm and rhyme of poetry.

Lyric Poetry: Expressing Feelings and Thoughts

Now, let’s say instead of telling a story, you want to share how you feel about something. Maybe it’s how much you love pizza, or how sad you feel when it rains on the weekend. That’s what lyric poetry does—it expresses emotions, thoughts, and personal experiences.

Lyric poems often:

• Focus on feelings and ideas rather than events
• Use lots of descriptive language
• Might rhyme, but don’t have to
• Can be short or long

Some famous lyric poems are “The Swing” by Robert Louis Stevenson and “Eletelephony” by Laura E. Richards.

Why it’s cool: Lyric poetry lets you dive deep into feelings and experiences. It’s like putting your heart on paper!

Dramatic Poetry: A Special Type of Lyric Poetry

There’s a special kind of lyric poetry called dramatic poetry. In these poems, the poet writes from the point of view of a specific character or persona. It’s like the poet is putting on a costume and pretending to be someone else! Dramatic poems are meant to be read aloud to an audience, as if one is in a play, sharing their feelings with the world.

Dramatic poems often:

• Have a single character speaking
• Reveal the character’s thoughts and feelings
• Might be written as a monologue (one person talking)

Famous examples of dramatic poetry include “Homework! Oh, Homework!” by Jack Prelutsky and “Sick” by Shel Silverstein.

Why it’s cool: Dramatic poetry lets you step into someone else’s shoes and see the world from their perspective. It’s like acting, but in poem form!

Descriptive Poetry: Painting Pictures with Words

Last but not least, we have descriptive poetry. This is where poets become word painters, using language to create vivid images in the reader’s mind. Instead of telling a story or expressing feelings, these poems focus on describing something in detail.

Descriptive poems often:

• Use lots of adjectives and sensory details (also known as “imagery“)
• Might describe a person, place, object, or event
• Try to make you feel like you’re really there, seeing what the poet sees

“The Tyger” by William Blake is a famous descriptive poem, painting a picture of a fierce tiger with words.

Why it’s cool: Descriptive poetry challenges you to really observe the world around you and find interesting ways to describe what you see. It’s like taking a picture with words instead of a camera!

Mixing It Up

Now, here’s a secret: many poems don’t fit neatly into just one of these categories. Poets love to mix things up! You might find a narrative poem that’s also very descriptive, or a lyric poem that tells a bit of a story. That’s the fun of poetry—there are no strict rules, and you can blend different styles to create something unique.

Why Understanding These Types Matters

Knowing about these different types of poetry can help you in a few ways:

• It can make reading poetry more fun because you understand what the poet is trying to do.
• It can help you write your own poems by giving you different approaches to try.
• It can deepen your appreciation for the skill and creativity of poets.

In my own writing, I love playing with all these types of poetry. Sometimes I’ll tell a funny story in a narrative poem. Other times I’ll describe a pet, a family member or a piece of technology in great detail in a descriptive poem. And sometimes I’ll express how it feels to be a kid dealing with homework or chores in a lyric or dramatic poem. Each type of poem lets me connect with readers in a different way.

So there you have it—the three main flavors in the ice cream shop of poetry: Narrative, Lyric (including its cousin, Dramatic), and Descriptive. Each one offers a different way to play with words and share ideas.

Remember, these categories are just tools to help us understand and talk about poetry. The most important thing is to read lots of poems, enjoy them, and if you feel inspired, write your own! Don’t worry too much about what category your poem fits into—just have fun with words and express yourself.

Keep reading, keep writing, and keep loving poetry!

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Kenn Nesbitt

Kenn Nesbitt, former U.S. Children's Poet Laureate, is celebrated for blending humor and heart in his poetry for children. Known for books such as "My Cat Knows Karate" and "Revenge of the Lunch Ladies," he captivates young readers globally.

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A Poetry-Writing Lesson for Kids

The sonnet is one of the most common traditional poetic forms. They have been written for hundreds of years with some of the most well-known sonnets written by William Shakespeare.

Though the sonnet was originally created in Italy, with the earliest sonnets written in Italian, they have been written in English, French, Dutch, German, and many other languages as well.

In the English language, there are two main kinds of sonnets: the “English” (or “Shakespearean”) sonnet and the “Spenserian” sonnet, named after the poet Edmund Spenser.

In this lesson, you will learn how to write an English sonnet because this is the most common type of sonnet.

The Rules of the Sonnet

In poetry, a “form” is a set of rules describing how to write that kind of poem. English sonnets have these rules:

• They are fourteen lines long.
• The fourteen lines are divided into three groups, or “stanzas,” of four lines each, followed by a final two-line “couplet.” (A four-line stanza is also known as a “quatrain.” A couplet is two lines together that rhyme.)
• Each of the fourteen lines is ten syllables long.

In addition to the number of lines, and the number of syllables per line, sonnets also have a special rhyme scheme:

• Each of the three stanzas has an ABAB rhyme scheme. This means that the first and third lines of each stanza rhyme with each other, and the second and fourth lines rhyme with each other.
• The final couplet has an AA rhyme scheme, meaning that those two lines rhyme with one another.

Lastly, the first line of a sonnet should state the “theme.” In other words, it should say what the sonnet is about. And the final couplet should give the reader a “conclusion” or ending to the poem.

Because of all these rules, sonnets can be more challenging to write than shorter, simpler poetic forms such as haiku, diamantes, or cinquains. But it can also be more rewarding to know that you can write a poem like Shakespeare did.

Getting Started

The first thing you need to do to write a sonnet is figure out what you want to write about. You can write a sonnet about anything, but it’s easiest to write about something you know. Since you now know all the rules for writing a sonnet, why not write a sonnet about that? Here’s an example:

My Teacher Said to Write a Sonnet Now

My teacher said to write a sonnet now.
She told me, “It should be a work of art.”
I’d like to but I’m really not sure how.
I wish someone would show me where to start.

I heard the rhymes should be ABAB,
which means I can’t rhyme every single word.
The second and the fourth lines rhyme, you see.
And you should rhyme the first line with the third.

The first three stanzas all have four lines each.
The final couplet? That has only two.
A sonnet’s not an easy thing to teach.
I guess that’s what this poem aims to do.

It seems that starting was the hardest part.
I hope the teacher likes my work of art.

Another good thing to write a sonnet about is something you like. For example, I like my dog, so I thought I’d write a sonnet about him. However, since I also like funny poems, I decided to make up a funny – not true – story about him. Here it is:

My Dog Is Not the Smartest Dog Alive

My dog is not the smartest dog alive.
He says that submarines know how to dance.
He seems to think that two plus two is five.
He’s sure Japan’s the capital of France.

My dog declares that tigers grow on trees.
He tells me that he’s twenty-nine feet tall.
He argues only antelopes eat cheese,
then adds that ants are good at basketball.

He swears the sun is made of candy bars.
It seems to me my dog is pretty dense.
He says he’s seen bananas play guitars.
He talks a lot but doesn’t make much sense.

Although I love my dog with all my heart,
I have to say, he isn’t very smart.

Your Turn

Now that you know how to write a sonnet, why not give it a try yourself? Write one about your favorite game or pet or food, about your friends or family, or even about how hard it is to write a sonnet. And, most importantly, have fun!

Worksheet

Click here to download a sonnet writing worksheet.

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Kenn Nesbitt

Kenn Nesbitt, former U.S. Children's Poet Laureate, is celebrated for blending humor and heart in his poetry for children. Known for books such as "My Cat Knows Karate" and "Revenge of the Lunch Ladies," he captivates young readers globally.

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Latest posts by Kenn Nesbitt (see all)

• Seasonal Poetry: Using Verses to Celebrate the Seasons - September 19, 2024
• Dragon’s Birthday - September 16, 2024
• Building Emotional Intelligence with Poetry: Helping Kids Express Feelings - September 12, 2024

When you read poems, you will sometimes come across things that don’t sound right to you. Often, this is because people pronounce some words differently depending on where they grew up. The writer of the poem may have grown up somewhere that they pronounce things a little differently than you do.

Probably the most well-known example is the word “tomato.” In Britain, this word is pronounced “toe-MAH-toe,” whereas in America it is pronounced “toe-MAY-toe.”

Similarly, “pajamas” is pronounced “puh-JAW-muhz” (rhymes with “llamas”) in Britain, but can be pronounced either “puh-JAM-uhz” (rhymes with “panoramas”) or “puh-JAW-muhz” in America. And, in America, “dance” rhymes with “France,” while in Britain “dance” is often pronounced “dahns.”

I once wrote a poem for a publisher in India where I rhymed “face” with “vase.” (In America, these two words rhyme with one another.) My publisher was very confused because in India, as well as Britain and much of the world, “vase” is pronounced “vahz” (rhymes with “jaws”).

When I read poems by British authors, sometimes I am surprised by their rhyme choices. For example, I recently saw “speedier” rhymed with “media” because Brits often do not pronounce the r’s at the ends of words.

Dealing with different pronunciations

In general, it’s a good idea to think about who your readers might be. When you run into a word that your readers may pronounce differently than you, you may want to choose a different rhyme. For example, instead of saying:

I like to sing and dance.

You might say:

I like to dance and sing.

A syllable and a half

Another problem you might encounter has to do with the number of syllables in a word.

Many types of poems require counting syllables, or counting “feet,” which are groups of syllables. For example, haiku usually have five syllables on the first and last lines, and seven syllables on the second line. Sonnets normally have five feet of two syllables each, ten syllables total, on each line.

When I write poems, I not only think about the rhymes, but also the rhythm, or “meter” of the words. I usually count feet rather than syllables, but it still requires knowing how many syllables are in any given word.

For most words, the number of syllables is pretty easy to count. “Cat” is clearly a one-syllable word. “Mother” is easy to identify as two syllables. But not every word in English is pronounced the same way by everyone.

Depending on where you live, you may pronounce things a little differently than people in other places. Sometimes this can change the number of syllables you hear when you pronounce certain words.

For example, take the word “poem.” Depending on where you live, this might be pronounced “POE-uhm,” “poe-EHM,” or even “pome.” If you pronounce it “pome,” you might rhyme it with “home,” but this might sound wrong to people in other parts of the country or world. Regardless of how you pronounce it, because other people might pronounce it with a different number of syllables, which would make the rhythm different to them than it is to you.

When a word can be correctly pronounced with one syllable or two, I call these “one-and-a-half-syllable words.” Other examples include words such as “orange” (which some pronounce “OR-uhnj” while others say “ornj”) and “fire” (which many would argue is a one-syllable word, while others say it rhymes with “higher,” which is definitely two syllables.

Similarly, there are many “two-and-a-half-syllable words,” such as “family” (which can be correctly pronounced with either two syllables — “FAM-lee” –or three — “FAM-uh-lee”) and “chocolate” (“CHOK-lit” or “CHOK-uh-lit”).

Dealing with different syllable counts

When you discover that other people may pronounce a certain word differently than you, you can fix the problem in one of two ways.

Substitute a different word

One easy way to solve this issue is to avoid the word by substituting a different one, such as “mother” or “father” in place of “family.”

Change the placement of the word

Another way to fix the problem is by placing the word where it can be pronounced either way without affecting the rhythm.

For example, instead of saying:

My family is very nice.

You might say:

I really like my family.

This way, regardless of whether your readers pronounce “family” as two syllables or three, it doesn’t affect the rhythm of the line.

Whenever you encounter words that others might pronounce differently than you, it’s good to keep these words in mind when you are writing poems that require rhythm or syllable counting so that your poems can be read more easily by everyone, no matter where they are.